Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023 China

School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK

Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, Rome, Italy

Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy

Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, USA

Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zürich, Switzerland

Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA

Section of Oncology and Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy

Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China

Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China

Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy

Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark

Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain

The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, 11527, Greece

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Cardiomics Unit, Centro de Cardiologia da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain

Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Division Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China

Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA

Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Canada

Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA

Karolinska Institutet, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA

Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China

Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032 China

Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Area of Metabolism, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain

Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark

Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China

Program of Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, USA

Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain

Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

Laboratory of Muscle and Nerve, Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, Center for Muscle, Metabolism, and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA

Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China

Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Department of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, QC, Canada

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institute of Genomics, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China

Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, USA

Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy

Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, USA

Heidelberg Biolabs GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction Lab, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Belgium

University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 289, Cambridge, UK

Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Science Campus, Puerto Rico, USA

Institute for Systems Biology, USA

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai

Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai

Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang

Department of Immunology and Microbiology, South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA

School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA

Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA

CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Editorial Office, ExRNA, China